Bagmati River: Bridging Cultural Heritage, Buddhist Wisdom, and Youth Action for Environmental Restoration

The Bagmati River, one of Nepal's most sacred and historically significant rivers, holds profound cultural, religious, and ecological value. It has long been a symbol of Nepalese civilization, serving as a unifying element in the Kathmandu Valley. Despite its centrality to cremation rituals, burial traditions, and cultural festivals, the Bagmati River faces severe environmental degradation, exacerbated by rapid urbanization and unchecked pollution. This study identifies the research gap in addressing the integration of cultural, religious, and youth-driven perspectives in tackling the environmental crisis surrounding the Bagmati River. 

 

The objectives of this research are to analyze the cultural and religious importance of the river, explore the application of Buddha’s teachings in environmental restoration, and assess the role of youth-led initiatives in reviving the river. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining qualitative analysis of cultural and religious practices with case studies of cleaning campaigns and environmental monitoring data. Key findings reveal that the Bagmati River is central to the spiritual and cultural life of Nepal, with significant historical references in Hindu scriptures and traditions. However, untreated sewage, waste disposal, and polluted tributaries such as Hanumante Khola and Bishnumati Khola have drastically affected the river’s ecological health. Buddhist teachings of compassion and mindfulness provide a framework for promoting sustainable conservation practices. 

 

Additionally, youth involvement in cleaning campaigns, supported by government and local organizations, has brought promising improvements, demonstrating the effectiveness of collaborative action. The study highlights the implications of integrating religious values, environmental sustainability, and community engagement in addressing ecological challenges. Reviving the Bagmati River not only ensures the preservation of Nepal’s cultural and religious heritage but also serves as a model for harmonizing human development and environmental conservation.